Bài 1 : 

a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$

b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Na} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{Na} = 0,5.23 = 11,5(gam)$

c) $n_{NaOH} = n_{Na} = 0,5(mol)$

$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,2} = 2,5M$

$m_{H_2O} = D.V = 200.1 = 200(gam)$

$m_{dd} = 11,5 + 200 - 0,25.2 = 211(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,5.40}{211}.100\% = 9,48\%$

Bài 2:

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Al_2O_3\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ \Rightarrow Sau.p.ứng:Al_2O_3,O_2dư,N_2\\ n_{N_2}=\dfrac{80}{20}.0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{N_2}=28.0,4=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,1=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,025.32=0,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,05=5,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 : 

$n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Al} : 4 < n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư

Sau phản ứng, thu được : 

$n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,05.102 = 5,1(gam)$
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,075(mol) \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,1 - 0,075).32 = 0,8(gam)$
$n_{N_2} = 0,5 - 0,1 = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{N_2} = 0,4.28 = 11,2(gam)$

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ b,m_{hh}=5,4+12,8=18,2(g)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

_____0,2<----0,6<---------------0,3

=> m_Al = 0,2.27 = 5,4(g)

b) m_hh = 5,4 + 12,8 = 18,2(g)

c) \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

 Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)

        1           1                1           1

      0,25     0,25                           0,25

a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,25.1}{1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,25.1}{1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

200ml = 0,2l

\(C_{M_{ddH2SO4}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2}=1,25\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Bài 3 :

\(3,040Fe;Cu+HNO3\left(l\right)->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\left(NO3\right)3\\Cu\left(NO3\right)2\end{matrix}\right.+0,896\left(l\right)NO\)

Gọi Fe là x , Cu là y

Ta có :

nNO = 0,04 ( mol )

Fe^o - 3e -> Fe⁺³

x        3x

Cu^o - 2e -> Cu⁺²

y       2y

N⁺⁵ + 3e -> N⁺²

           0,12 <- 0,04

n(e) cho = n(e) nhận

Ta có hpt :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+64y=3,040\\3x+2y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xác đinh phần trăm khối lượng trong kim loại :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{56.0,02}{3,04}=36,84\%\\\%mCu=\dfrac{64.0,03}{3,04}=63,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2A + 2H₂O --> 2AOH + H₂

           0,1<------------0,1<--0,05

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{2,3}{0,1}=23\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> A là Na (Natri)

\(C_{M\left(ddNaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2A + 2H₂O --> 2AOH + H₂

           0,2<-------------0,2<----0,1

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> A là Kali (K)

n_KOH = 0,2 (mol)

=> \(C_{M\left(X\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

\(a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ TheoPT:n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)